下面
大型航天模型廠家來給大家講解下航天模型的知識(shí)，大家可以作為參考信息了解一下。
Next, large-scale aerospace model manufacturers will explain the knowledge of aerospace models to you, and you can learn about them as reference information.
一、機(jī)翼升力原理
1、 Wing lift principle
飛機(jī)機(jī)翼地翼剖面又叫做翼型，一般翼型的前端圓鈍、后端尖銳，上表面拱起、下表面較平，呈魚側(cè)形。前端點(diǎn)叫做前緣，后端點(diǎn)叫做后緣，兩點(diǎn)之間的連線叫做翼弦。當(dāng)氣流迎面流過機(jī)翼時(shí)，原來是一股氣流，由于機(jī)翼地插入，被分成上下兩股。
The ground wing section of an aircraft wing is also called an airfoil. Generally, the front end of an airfoil is blunt, the rear end is sharp, the upper surface is arched, and the lower surface is flat, showing a fish side shape. The front point is called the leading edge, the rear point is called the trailing edge, and the line between the two points is called the chord. When the air flows head-on through the wing, it is a stream of air. Because the wing is inserted, it is divided into upper and lower streams.
通過機(jī)翼后，在后緣又重合成一股。由于機(jī)翼上表面拱起，是上方的那股氣流的通道變窄。根據(jù)氣流的連續(xù)性原理和伯努利定理可以得知，機(jī)翼上方的壓強(qiáng)比機(jī)翼下方的壓強(qiáng)小，也就是說，機(jī)翼下表面受到向上的壓力比機(jī)翼上表面受到向下的壓力要大，這個(gè)壓力差就是機(jī)翼產(chǎn)生的升力。
After passing through the wing, a new strand is formed at the trailing edge. As the upper surface of the wing arches, the passage of the upper air stream narrows. According to the continuity principle of air flow and Bernoulli's theorem, the pressure above the wing is less than that below the wing, that is, the upward pressure on the lower surface of the wing is greater than the downward pressure on the upper surface of the wing. This pressure difference is the lift generated by the wing.
二、飛機(jī)機(jī)的翼阻力
2、 Wing resistance of aircraft
只要物體同空氣有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，必然有空氣阻力作用在物體上。作用在模型飛機(jī)上的阻力主要有摩擦阻力、壓差阻力和誘導(dǎo)阻力。
As long as the object has relative motion with air, there must be air resistance acting on the object. The drag acting on the model aircraft mainly includes frictional drag, differential pressure drag and induced drag.
摩擦阻力：當(dāng)空氣流過機(jī)翼表面的時(shí)候，由于空氣的粘性作用，在空氣和機(jī)翼表面之間會(huì)產(chǎn)生摩擦阻力。如果機(jī)翼表面的邊界層是層流邊界層，空氣粘性所引起的摩擦阻力比較小，如果機(jī)翼表面的邊界層是紊流邊界層，空氣粘性所引起的摩擦阻力就比較大。
Friction resistance: when air flows over the wing surface, friction resistance will occur between the air and the wing surface due to the viscous effect of air. If the boundary layer on the wing surface is laminar, the friction resistance caused by air viscosity is relatively small; if the boundary layer on the wing surface is turbulent, the friction resistance caused by air viscosity is relatively large.
為了減少摩擦阻力，可以減少模型飛機(jī)同空氣的接觸面積，也可以把模型飛機(jī)表面做光滑些。但不是越光滑越好，因?yàn)楸砻嫣饣?，容易保持層流邊界層，而層流邊界層的氣流容易分離，會(huì)使壓差阻力大大增加。
In order to reduce the friction resistance, the contact area between the model aircraft and the air can be reduced, and the surface of the model aircraft can also be made smooth. However, the smoother the better, because the surface is too smooth, it is easy to maintain the laminar boundary layer, and the laminar boundary layer is easy to separate the air flow, which will greatly increase the differential pressure resistance.
三、飛機(jī)模型翼型
3、 Airfoil of aircraft model
常用的模型飛機(jī)翼型有對(duì)稱、雙凸、平凸、凹凸，s形等幾種，對(duì)稱翼型的中弧線和翼弦重合，上弧線和下弧線對(duì)稱。這種翼型阻力系數(shù)比較小，但升阻比也小。一般用在線操縱或遙控特技模型飛機(jī)上雙凸翼型的上弧線和下弧線都向外凸，但上弧線的彎度比下弧線大。這種翼型比對(duì)稱翼型的升阻比大。一般用在線操縱競(jìng)速或遙控特技模型飛機(jī)上
The commonly used model aircraft airfoils are symmetrical, biconvex, plano convex, concave convex, s-shaped, etc. The middle arc of the symmetrical airfoil coincides with the chord, and the upper arc is symmetrical with the lower arc. The drag coefficient of this airfoil is relatively small, but the lift drag ratio is also small. In general, the upper and lower arcs of a doubly convex airfoil on a model aircraft that is operated online or remotely are convex outward, but the curvature of the upper arc is greater than that of the lower arc. This airfoil has a higher lift drag ratio than symmetric airfoils. It is generally used for online control of racing or remote control stunt model aircraft
四、飛機(jī)模型視圖
4、 Aircraft model view
把一架處于水平狀態(tài)的模型飛機(jī)，放在相互垂直的三個(gè)平面中間，并使機(jī)身的縱軸同其中一個(gè)平面垂直，同另外兩個(gè)平面平行。如果我們分別從三個(gè)方向在足夠遠(yuǎn)的地方看模型飛機(jī)，并把看到的形狀畫在每個(gè)平面上，也就是在三個(gè)互相垂直的平面上作出模型飛機(jī)的投影，然后把這三個(gè)相互垂直的平面展開，就可以得到頂視圖，側(cè)視圖和前視圖。在一般情況下，通過這三個(gè)視圖就能比較準(zhǔn)確地表示出一架模型飛機(jī)的形狀和主要尺寸。
Place a horizontal model airplane in the middle of three mutually perpendicular planes, and make the longitudinal axis of the fuselage perpendicular to one of the planes and parallel to the other two planes. If we look at the model airplane from three directions at a distance far enough, and draw the shape we see on each plane, that is, make a projection of the model airplane on three mutually perpendicular planes, and then unfold the three mutually perpendicular planes, we can get the top view, side view and front view. In general, the shape and main dimensions of a model aircraft can be accurately represented through these three views.
五、飛機(jī)的螺旋槳
5、 The propeller of an airplane
螺旋槳是一種把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力變成拉力的裝置。螺旋槳的效率的高低會(huì)直接影響到模型飛機(jī)的飛行成績(jī)。螺旋槳槳葉的工作原理和機(jī)翼十分相似。如果把槳葉取下來觀察，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是一個(gè)扭曲著的機(jī)翼。槳葉剖面和機(jī)翼剖面差不多。槳葉和機(jī)翼的區(qū)別在于，機(jī)翼在空氣中的運(yùn)動(dòng)基本上是平動(dòng)的，而槳葉既繞著槳軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，又隨著飛機(jī)千起前進(jìn)。
A propeller is a device that turns the power of an engine into a pulling force. The efficiency of propeller will directly affect the flight performance of model aircraft. The working principle of propeller blades is very similar to that of wings. If you take down the blade and observe it, you will find that it is a twisted wing. The blade profile is similar to the wing profile. The difference between blades and wings is that the movement of wings in the air is basically translational, while blades not only rotate around the propeller shaft, but also move forward with the aircraft.
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