1、銹斑：制作前或制作過(guò)程中有時(shí)會(huì)看到變形金剛模型產(chǎn)品或設(shè)備上生銹，這說(shuō)明表面受到嚴(yán)重污染。設(shè)備投入使用前把銹掉，清理過(guò)的表面應(yīng)通過(guò)鐵試驗(yàn)和/或水試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。
1. Rust spots: before or during production, sometimes rust on the transformers model products or equipment can be seen, which indicates that the surface is seriously polluted. Rust shall be removed before the equipment is put into use, and the cleaned surface shall be inspected by iron test and / or water test.
2、焊接引弧斑痕：焊工在金屬表面引弧時(shí)，會(huì)造成表面粗糙缺陷。保護(hù)膜受損，留下潛在的腐蝕源。焊工應(yīng)在已經(jīng)焊好的焊道上或在焊縫接頭的側(cè)邊引弧。然后將引弧痕跡熔入焊縫中。
2. Welding arc strike marks: when the welder strikes the arc on the metal surface, it will cause surface roughness defects. The protective film is damaged, leaving a potential source of corrosion. The welder shall strike the arc on the weld bead that has been welded or on the side of the weld joint. The arc striking trace is then melted into the weld.
3、劃痕：為了防止工藝潤(rùn)滑劑或生成物和/或污物積留，對(duì)劃痕和其它粗糙表面進(jìn)行機(jī)械清理。
3. Scratches: mechanical cleaning of scratches and other rough surfaces to prevent accumulation of process lubricants or products and / or dirt.
4、焊接缺陷：焊接缺陷如：咬邊、未焊透、密集氣孔和裂紋不僅降低接頭的牢固性，而且還會(huì)成為縫隙腐蝕的腐蝕源。改善這種結(jié)果進(jìn)行清理操作時(shí)，它們還會(huì)夾帶固體顆粒。這些缺陷可通過(guò)重新焊接或修磨后重焊進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)。
4. Welding defects: welding defects such as undercut, incomplete penetration, dense pores and cracks not only reduce the firmness of the joint, but also become the corrosion source of crevice corrosion. To improve this result, they also entrain solid particles during cleaning operations. These defects can be repaired by re welding or rewelding after grinding.
5、油和油脂：有機(jī)物質(zhì)如：油，油脂甚指印都會(huì)成為局部腐蝕的腐蝕源。由于這些物質(zhì)能起屏障作用，它們會(huì)影響化學(xué)和電化學(xué)清理效果。
5. Oil and grease: organic substances such as oil, grease and even fingerprints can be the source of local corrosion. Because these substances act as barriers, they can affect the effectiveness of chemical and electrochemical cleaning.
6、油漆、粉筆和標(biāo)記筆印：這些污染物的影響與油和油脂的影響相似。建議用干凈的刷子和干凈的水或堿性清洗劑進(jìn)行洗滌，也可以使用高壓水或蒸汽沖洗。
6. Paint, chalk and marker marks: the effects of these contaminants are similar to those of oil and grease. It is recommended to wash with clean brush and clean water or alkaline detergent, or high pressure water or steam.
7、熱回火色和其它氧化層：熱回火色是由于在高溫或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在較高度下停留所致。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)任何一種這類氧化層時(shí)，金屬表面的鉻含量都會(huì)降低，造成這些區(qū)域的耐腐蝕性降低。在這種情況下，不僅要熱回火色和其它氧化層，還應(yīng)對(duì)它們下面的貧鉻金屬層進(jìn)行清理。
7. Thermal reactivation color and other oxide layer: the heat recovery color is caused by staying at high temperature or high altitude for a long time. When any of these oxide layers appear, the chromium content on the metal surface will be reduced, resulting in a reduction in the corrosion resistance of these areas. In this case, it is necessary not only to eliminate the heat cured color and other oxide layers, but also to clean the chromium poor metal layer under them.
8、焊劑：利用焊劑進(jìn)行焊接的工藝有手工焊，帶焊劑芯電弧焊和埋弧焊，這些焊接工藝都會(huì)在表面留下細(xì)小的焊劑顆粒，普通的清理方法無(wú)法將它們掉。這此顆粒將是縫隙腐蝕的腐蝕源，采用機(jī)械清理方法去除這些殘留焊劑。
8. Flux: the welding processes using flux include manual welding, flux cored arc welding and submerged arc welding. These welding processes will leave fine flux particles on the surface, which cannot be removed by ordinary cleaning methods. This particle will be the corrosion source of crevice corrosion, and the residual flux will be removed by mechanical cleaning method.
9、殘余粘合劑：撕掉膠帶和保護(hù)紙時(shí)，粘合劑總有一部分殘留在不銹鋼表面。如果粘全劑還沒(méi)硬，可以用有機(jī)熔劑去除。但是，當(dāng)曝露在光或空氣中時(shí)，粘全劑變硬，形成縫隙腐蝕的腐蝕源。然后需要用細(xì)磨料進(jìn)行機(jī)械清理。
9. Residual adhesive: when the adhesive tape and protective paper are removed, a part of the adhesive will always remain on the stainless steel surface. If the adhesive is not hard, it can be removed with organic flux. However, when exposed to light or air, the adhesive hardens and forms the corrosion source of crevice corrosion. Mechanical cleaning with a fine abrasive is then required.
10、粉塵：制作經(jīng)常是在有粉塵的場(chǎng)地進(jìn)行，空氣中常帶有許多粉塵，它們不斷地落在設(shè)備表面。它們可以用水或堿性溶液去除掉。不過(guò)，有附著力的塵垢需要高壓水或蒸氣進(jìn)行清理。
10. Dust: the production is often carried out in the site with dust, and there is often a lot of dust in the air, which constantly falls on the surface of the equipment. They can be removed with water or an alkaline solution. However, the adhesion of dust and dirt need to be cleaned by high pressure water or steam.
